TRUTH DOESN’T MATTERs

…because right matters. And the truth matters. Otherwise, we are lost.

Adam Schiff — Closing argument, first Senate impeachment trial, January 23, 2020

Quoted for its claim about truth, not its politics.

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The first principle is that you must not fool yourself — and you are the easiest person to fool.

Richard Feynman — “Cargo Cult Science,” Caltech commencement address, 1974

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For a successful technology, reality must take precedence over public relations, for nature cannot be fooled.

Richard Feynman — Appendix F, Rogers Commission report on the Challenger accident, 1986

Feynman threatened to take his name off the commission's report unless his dissent was included. It became Appendix F; this is its closing sentence.

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Facts are stubborn things; and whatever may be our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passions, they cannot alter the state of facts and evidence.

John Adams — Defense of the British soldiers, Boston Massacre trial, December 1770

Adams was defending the most hated men in Boston — proof the principle was never partisan.

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The ideal subject of totalitarian rule is not the convinced Nazi or the convinced Communist, but people for whom the distinction between fact and fiction (i.e., the reality of experience) and the distinction between true and false (i.e., the standards of thought) no longer exist.

Hannah Arendt — The Origins of Totalitarianism, 1951

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One word of truth shall outweigh the whole world.

Russian proverb, cited by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn — Nobel Lecture in Literature (1970 prize; text released 1972)

Solzhenitsyn credits it as a Russian proverb. His companion essay “Live Not by Lies” was released the day of his arrest, February 12, 1974.

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I believe that unarmed truth and unconditional love will have the final word in reality.

Martin Luther King Jr. — Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech, Oslo, December 10, 1964

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The truth is incontrovertible. Panic may resent it, ignorance may deride it, malice may distort it, but there it is.

Winston Churchill — House of Commons, May 17, 1916 (Hansard)

This is the wording in the parliamentary record. The version that circulates online — “malice may attack it… but in the end, there it is” — is a rewrite. See Corrections.

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Truth is proper and beautiful at all times and in all places…

Frederick Douglass — “Oration in Memory of Abraham Lincoln,” Washington, D.C., April 14, 1876

Often shared undated or misdated; it opens his 1876 Lincoln oration, and the wording is “at all times,” not “in all times.”

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Sunlight is said to be the best of disinfectants; electric light the most efficient policeman.

Louis D. Brandeis — “What Publicity Can Do,” Harper's Weekly, 1913; Other People's Money, 1914

Note his honesty inside the sentence itself: “is said to be” — even Brandeis attributed the metaphor rather than claim it.

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For me, it is far better to grasp the Universe as it really is than to persist in delusion, however satisfying and reassuring.

Carl Sagan — The Demon-Haunted World, ch. 1, “The Most Precious Thing,” 1995

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He has shown everyone that it is possible to live within the truth.

Václav Havel — “The Power of the Powerless,” 1978 (trans. Paul Wilson)

Said of his imagined greengrocer who stops displaying slogans he does not believe. Havel went to prison; his idea outlived the government that sent him there.

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If anyone can refute me — show me I'm making a mistake or looking at things from the wrong perspective — I'll gladly change. It's the truth I'm after, and the truth never harmed anyone. What harms us is to persist in self-deceit and ignorance.

Marcus Aurelius — Meditations, Book VI.21, c. 170–180 CE (trans. Gregory Hays)

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And ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free.

Gospel of John — John 8:32 (KJV)

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If you tell the truth you don't have to remember anything.

Mark Twain — Notebook, January–February 1894, published in Mark Twain's Notebook (ed. Paine, 1935)

Accepted by the standard Twain references, with one honest caveat: the only source is Paine's posthumous edition of the notebooks.

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The seeker after truth is not one who studies the writings of the ancients and, following his natural disposition, puts his trust in them, but rather the one who suspects his faith in them and questions what he gathers from them, the one who submits to argument and demonstration.

Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) — Doubts Concerning Ptolemy, c. 1025–1028 (trans. A. I. Sabra)

Written a millennium ago in Basra and Cairo — the scientific method's founding sentiment, six centuries before the Royal Society. A popular shorter version ending “…argument and experiment” is a loose paraphrase; this is the scholarly translation.

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Whatever matters to human beings, trust is the atmosphere in which it thrives.

Sissela Bok — Lying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Life, 1978

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Tell all the truth but tell it slant — / Success in Circuit lies

Emily Dickinson — Poem Fr1263, c. 1872, published posthumously

Not a license to shade the truth — a poet's advice on how to deliver all of it without blinding the listener.

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Only if we build a public culture — and especially a media culture — in which we can rely more on others not to deceive us, will we be able to judge whom and what we can reasonably trust.

Onora O'Neill — “A Question of Trust,” BBC Reith Lectures, 2002

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Nullius in verba — take nobody's word for it.

The Royal Society — Motto adopted with its First Charter, 1662 (society founded 1660); after Horace

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I no longer felt comfortable having the paper remain in the scientific literature, because I knew that other researchers could potentially cite it, build upon it, or use it to inform future work.

Rishika Porandla — Quoted in Retraction Watch, August 10, 2026

Said of the paper she published as a high schooler in Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, which she had retracted herself as a Princeton sophomore after finding the underlying data did not hold up.

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The Court finds that, through their own admissions, all four attorneys failed to verify the legal authorities cited in their respective filings in violation of Rule 11.

Judge Sharion Aycock — Sanctions Order, Withers v. City of Aberdeen, No. 1:24-cv-00218 (N.D. Miss.), June 8, 2026

Aycock disqualified all four attorneys of record, on both sides, after briefs in the case cited AI-generated cases that do not exist.

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We found agents developed a universal cheat for ExploitGym within 4 hours, then coordinated multi-day R&D efforts to trick the scorer into accepting cheats, including trying to tamper with logs.

METR — METR (@METR_Evals) on X, announcing the independent investigation conducted with Redwood Research into the OpenAI–Hugging Face incident, August 26, 2026

Cross-checked against METR's companion blog post on the investigation and against OpenAI's and Hugging Face's own published accounts of the July 2026 incident, which corroborate the swarm coordination, the ExploitGym cheat, and the log-tampering attempts.

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Death should always be mentioned in a first-in-human trial.

Hank Greely — Quoted in Science (AAAS), late July 2026 (director, Center for Law and the Biosciences, Stanford University)

Said of the case of “Mei,” a pseudonym for a six-year-old who died seven days after an experimental gene-editing treatment in Shanghai in March 2025 — a death the trial's own published research never mentioned.

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I, like many others, believed Op4G was all about doing some good in this world, but I discovered 6 months in that nothing could have been further from the truth.

Kristen Tripphahn — "The Cost of Coming Forward," Structure and Form (Substack), May 6, 2025

Tripphahn joined Op4G as chief operating officer in February 2022 and, six months later, discovered the market-research panel the firm sold to clients had been fabricated for years; she reported it to the FBI rather than going public, waiting until the April 2025 indictment to speak.

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In short, sir, I have based the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh sections upon the old-fashioned idea of holding out a temptation, and 'setting a rogue to catch a rogue,' which is the safest and most expeditious way I have ever discovered of bringing rogues to justice.

Senator Jacob M. Howard — Congressional Globe, 37th Cong., 3d Sess. 956 (Senate, February 14, 1863)

Read off the scanned page of the Congressional Globe itself (issue of February 16, 1863, reporting the Senate sitting of Saturday, February 14). Howard, a Michigan senator, sponsored the False Claims Act. The version in wide circulation replaces his actual words — “the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh sections” — with a bracketed gloss such as “[the qui tam provision]”; the rest of the sentence is quoted here as the record has it.

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We expect companies contracting with the government to do business honestly and fairly.

Brett A. Shumate — Assistant Attorney General, DOJ Civil Division, Department of Justice press release on the Tetra Tech EC settlement, August 2026

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It totally goes against the grain of the profession.

Rita Redberg — Cardiologist and former editor-in-chief of JAMA Internal Medicine, on Kim Fox's undisclosed payments, quoted in Laura Spinney, “A 'monstrous' conflict of interest: Kim Fox, ivabradine, and European Society of Cardiology clinical practice guidelines,” The BMJ (August 2026)

Fox chaired the ESC taskforce that in 2006 recommended ivabradine for angina, while he and his wife earned more than £50m through Heart Research running trials of the same drug for its manufacturer, Servier.

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had failed to meet his ethical obligations and considered his behaviour as a severe misconduct

European Society of Cardiology Ethics Committee — Finding on Kim Fox, March 2025, as reported in Laura Spinney, “A 'monstrous' conflict of interest: Kim Fox, ivabradine, and European Society of Cardiology clinical practice guidelines,” The BMJ (August 2026)

A fragment of the BMJ's reporting, not the committee's own text — the subject of “considered” is the committee, not Fox. The finding itself has never been published, so no primary document is available to check the wording against. Fox rejected it and resigned his ESC membership, saying he had always declared his interests.

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It is without a doubt the worst case of scientific fraud to hit the antibody world.

James Trimmer — Neuroscientist, University of California, Davis, quoted in Science (AAAS), “Fraudulent images are rife on antibody sellers' websites, researcher says” (2026)

Said of the investigation, led by Reese Richardson of Northwestern University with Sholto David, that found more than 18,000 questionable validation images across fifteen antibody vendors between May and August 2026. The Science article is not publicly readable, so the sentence was confirmed by exact-phrase match against independent reporting rather than read off the source page itself; Chemistry World quotes it identically.

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Today, Ms. Woods accepted responsibility not only for individual acts of misconduct but for the full scope of criminal conduct that spanned decades.

Alexis King — District Attorney, Colorado First Judicial District, statement following Yvonne "Missy" Woods's guilty plea, June 23, 2026

Read off the district attorney's own press release of June 23, 2026. The full sentence continues: "Despite Colorado law allowing for these offenses to be probation eligible, this disposition guarantees a prison sentence and eliminates any possibility of a community-based sentence." Woods worked at the Colorado Bureau of Investigation from January 1994 until she retired in November 2023, and pleaded guilty to cybercrime, first-degree perjury, attempting to influence a public servant, and forgery, covering conduct from 2008 to 2023.

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One of the most incredible hoaxes since Orson Welles's War of the Worlds.

Jacopo Bulgarini d'Elci — Deputy mayor of Vicenza, on the exposure of the Anfiteatro Berico, October 2016

Said of the Anfiteatro Berico, a fake Roman amphitheater built by Franco Malosso outside Vicenza and sold to tourists as genuine for more than a decade before Italy's Carabinieri Cultural Heritage Protection Unit and prosecutors in Vicenza exposed it as modern construction in 2016. Bulgarini d'Elci made the remark in October 2016, when the hoax broke — not in 2026, when Malosso finally went to prison, which is when English-language outlets recirculated it. This English wording appears identically in The Telegraph and the outlets that carried its reporting, but the remark was made in Italian and the original wording has not been read off a primary source. The City of Vicenza's own October 2016 statement records him calling the amphitheater "una bufala colossale" — a colossal hoax — without the Welles comparison. Until the Italian is checked, this is a translation of uncertain exactness.

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It was up for repair, but it wasn't high on the list. It was down on the list. It was after all the vehicle bridges.

Kimo Alameda — Mayor of Hawaiʻi County, quoted in Hawaii Tribune-Herald, August 31, 2026

Said of Hawaiʻi County's January 2022 inspection report on the Mokuʻola (Coconut Island) footbridge in Hilo, which found the bridge in serious condition and recommended replacement, nearly four years before a span collapsed under a county mini-excavator on November 14, 2025. Alameda made the remark to Hawaii Tribune-Herald reporter Grace Inez Adams on Friday, August 28, 2026, and the wording here was read directly off her story as published on August 31. No recording or transcript is public. The same story also ran in the paper's sister titles West Hawaii Today and the Honolulu Star-Advertiser, so those reprints are not independent corroboration, and Big Island Now's September 2 report quotes Alameda on the bridge without carrying this remark. The quotation rests on a single reporter's account.

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I don't care what magical properties you are using, it just doesn't work.

Lawrence Conyers — Professor emeritus, University of Denver, quoted in Helen Santoro, “Journal retracts paper claiming network of corridors inside the Great Pyramid of Giza,” Retraction Watch (August 31, 2026)

Said of the claim, in Biondi and Malanga's retracted 2022 Remote Sensing paper, that satellite-borne synthetic aperture radar penetrated the Great Pyramid's stone, reflected off internal structures, and returned an interpretable signal. The wording was read directly off Helen Santoro's Retraction Watch article, which prints the sentence inside quotation marks and attributes it in the same breath to Conyers, whose title it gives as professor emeritus at the University of Denver; that title rests on Retraction Watch. The same article calls him an expert in the application of radar to archaeology, and his published books are on ground-penetrating radar — an instrument worked across the ground, not the satellite-borne radar the retracted paper relied on. Retraction Watch carries a second Conyers objection, that to claim otherwise is to ignore the fundamental laws of how electric and magnetic fields operate, as indirect speech in the reporter's own words with no quotation marks; it is his position but not his verbatim wording, so it is not the sentence recorded here. Conyers also said he had been asked to peer review the 2022 paper and told the editor he would not recommend publishing it without an additional reviewer who understood its mathematics.

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It shows that much or all of the data — and therefore the results — are false.

Klaus Wertenbroch — Written response to Data Colada posts 138 and 139, 2026, published as a PDF by Data Colada

Read directly off Wertenbroch's own two-page response, hosted at datacolada.org/wp-content/uploads/Wertenbroch-Response-to-Data-Colada-Posts-138-139.pdf and linked from Data Colada post #138 (August 31, 2026). The sentence is the fourth in the document, following: "Their forensic analysis is far more sophisticated and thorough than what researchers without their experience could have done, and the evidence of data tampering they found is convincing." It refers to the data behind Ariely & Wertenbroch (2002), “Procrastination, Deadlines, and Performance: Self-Control by Precommitment,” Psychological Science. Wertenbroch, professor of marketing at INSEAD, writes in the same document that he "never had access to any version of the data for any of the studies" and that he asked Simine Vazire, editor-in-chief of Psychological Science, to retract the article. Retraction Watch (September 3, 2026) quotes the same sentence identically from what it describes as an undated statement sent to Data Colada; Vazire confirmed to Retraction Watch that Wertenbroch contacted her on July 23. The journal retracted the paper on September 2, 2026.

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When you see the USDA mark of inspection, you can have confidence that the products have been inspected and passed – meaning that every carcass has been inspected, samples have been taken by USDA inspectors and analyzed by scientists in a USDA laboratory, and the labeling is truthful and not misleading.

Carmen Rottenberg — "Food Safety Professionals Ensure that 'What's in Your Meat' is Safe and Wholesome," USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service news release, August 29, 2018

The opening paragraph of an FSIS news release under the byline of Carmen Rottenberg, then Acting Deputy Under Secretary for Food Safety, datelined WASHINGTON, Aug. 29, 2018. One character in it is disputed and the dispute is worth stating. The FSIS web page as it stands today shows a bare space before "meaning that", with no dash; that was confirmed byte by byte in two separate Internet Archive captures of it. But the page is a lossy migration of the 2018 original — its prose contains no dash of any kind while its navigation contains seventeen, one paragraph is duplicated out of order, and a stray italic tag splits a word mid-sentence. Two contemporaneous renderings carry an en dash there instead: FSIS's own Constituent Update of Aug. 31, 2018 (fsis.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media_file/2021-04/ConstiUpdate083118.pdf), which restates the clause in the third person, and FoodNavigator's Aug. 30, 2018 report (foodnavigator.com/Article/2018/08/30/USDA-defends-rigorous-drug-residue-testing-program-in-meat/), which quotes the sentence directly and in full. The dash is printed here as the better-attested original wording. The FSIS documents were read in Internet Archive captures: the release as captured on Feb. 3, 2025 and Oct. 20, 2021, and the Constituent Update as captured on Feb. 12, 2025. The URL below is the live page, where the dash is missing.

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The USDA mark of inspection signifies the meat, poultry, or egg product has been inspected and that it is safe, wholesome, and properly labeled.

USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service — Attributed to @USDAFoodSafety on X, September 6, 2023

Widely repeated as FSIS's plain-English description of its mark of inspection, and the wording is consistent with the agency's standing statutory language — the FSIS page on inspection of meat products says the Federal Meat Inspection Act requires that all meat sold commercially be inspected and passed to ensure that it is safe, wholesome, and properly labeled. But this exact sentence has not been read off a source anybody can open. X serves the post only to logged-in accounts, the Internet Archive holds no capture of it, and no FSIS page found so far carries the sentence in this form; it survives only in a search-result title. That is not enough to call it checked.

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Three fatalities which occurred among the 1,036 cases quoted in a report by Pemberton at the Mayo Clinic were caused by errors in blood-group determination.

Karl Landsteiner — "On Individual Differences in Human Blood," Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1930

Read from the lecture PDF hosted by the Nobel Foundation (nobelprize.org), the original publisher of the text. Landsteiner is citing a report by Pemberton on transfusion outcomes at the Mayo Clinic; the same passage also gives Bellevue Hospital's 1929 transfusion series (1,467 cases, two deaths, one from an incorrect blood-group determination) and Kiel's (2,300 transfusions over about five years, no fatal accidents).

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I cannot but have a lively idea of the danger fleets are exposed to upon entering the British Channel, when coming from foreign parts, but more especially when their officers have not the advantage of knowing their latitude by a good observation.

Josiah Burchett — A Complete History of the Most Remarkable Transactions at Sea (1720), pp. 733–734

Burchett was Secretary of the Admiralty. Read from the 1720 first edition digitized by the Internet Archive (Google Books scan, OCR text checked against the page; the sentence begins on printed page 733 and runs onto 734). The original prints 'Britiſh Chanel' and 'Idea'; spelling and capitals are modernised, wording unchanged. The sentence opens Burchett's account of his own near-wreck off Scilly years earlier and follows his narration of Sir Cloudesley Shovell's 1707 loss. Note that the quote is about latitude: Burchett does not blame the wreck on longitude, and modern analysis of the surviving logs (W. E. May, 1960) agrees that the error lay in latitude and in faulty charts.

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The court found that the cause of the accident to the Comet wrecked off Elba was the structural failure of the pressure cabin brought about by fatigue.

John Boyd-Carpenter — Minister of Transport and Civil Aviation, statement to the House of Commons on the Court of Inquiry's report into the 1954 Comet accidents, February 16, 1955 (Hansard)

Read from the official Hansard transcript of the Commons debate. Boyd-Carpenter is summarizing, not quoting, the finding of the Court of Inquiry (Lord Cohen, Sir William Farren, Professor W. J. Duncan, and Air Commodore A. H. Wheeler), whose full report — Civil Aircraft Accident: Report of the Court of Inquiry into the Accidents to Comet G-ALYP on 10th January, 1954 and Comet G-ALYY on 8th April, 1954 (HMSO, 1955) — is quoted at length in P. A. Withey's peer-reviewed technical review of the case.

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Will my right hon. Friend make quite clear that the tests carried out at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough are a lesson to the world in thoroughness?

Air Commodore A. V. Harvey — MP, House of Commons debate on the Court of Inquiry's report into the 1954 Comet accidents, February 16, 1955 (Hansard)

Read from the official Hansard transcript, checked word for word, including punctuation and capitalization — this is Harvey's complete question, not a rewritten fragment. Boyd-Carpenter answered, 'The answer to the first point is "Yes, Sir."' The clause "a lesson to the world in thoroughness" is verbatim from this question.

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Sir George Byng was not then half a Mile to Windward of him, who saw the Breaches of the Sea, and soon after the Rocks of Scilly above Water, on one of which the Admiral struck, and in less than two Minutes there was not any thing of his Ship seen.

Josiah Burchett — A Complete History of the Most Remarkable Transactions at Sea (1720), p. 733

Read from the 1720 first edition digitized by the Internet Archive, on the same page as Burchett's reflection on latitude. The original prints the long s; spelling and capitals are otherwise as printed. Burchett was Secretary of the Admiralty when the wreck happened and published this thirteen years later. Note what the sentence does not contain: no sailor warns the Admiral and none is hanged. Burchett narrates the loss in detail and the hanging appears nowhere in it.

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The spot on the shingly beach of Porthellick cove, which was the temporary resting place of the body of the unfortunate Admiral, is still pointed out, and has been made the subject of a ridiculous legend from the circumstances that the grass does not grow upon it. The story is to the effect that on the fatal 22nd a sailor on board the Association ventured to express an opinion, contrary, as we have seen, to that of the majority, that the fleet was very near the Scilly Isles, and not, as was supposed, off the coast of France, and was hanged at the yard-arm by order of the Admiral for his insubordination and freedom of speech.

James Herbert Cooke — The Shipwreck of Sir Cloudesley Shovell on the Scilly Islands in 1707, paper read to the Society of Antiquaries, London, February 1, 1883

Read from the printed paper scanned by the Internet Archive, which is the wording given here; a transcription circulating at hmssurprise.org differs in small details ("Porthellick Cove" for the printed "Porthellick cove", "that grass" for "that the grass"), so the scan of the paper itself was used. The comma in "and not, as was supposed" is a comma in the transcription and an OCR period in the scan. Both sentences are recorded because the second identifies the legend of the first: Cooke's ridiculous legend is the hanged-sailor story, and the grass is the hook it hangs on rather than a separate tale. He completes the chain in the next sentence — the hanging, the Islanders say, “brought a curse upon its author, which speedily resulted in his own shipwreck and death and the extinction of his name, in consequence of which the grass refuses to grow even upon his temporary grave” — and then refutes it: “If this silly tale does not bear upon its face its own refutation, it will be sufficient to point out that no knowledge of any such incident existed upon the island two years afterwards, or it would have been duly noted in Mr. Herbert's paper.” Edmund Herbert wrote those notes on St Mary's in 1709. Cooke adds that Robert Heath's 1750 account of the islands does not mention the story either, and the oldest source he can cite for it is a paper in the Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall, October 1864.

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We have since had the translation checked and find that the defendant is correct.

Robert H. Jackson — United States chief prosecutor, cross-examination of Hermann Göring, International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, Eighty-Sixth Day, March 20, 1946

Read directly off the official trial transcript hosted by the Avalon Project (Yale Law School). Jackson is correcting the English translation of a captured document, Exhibit GB-160, entered in evidence on January 9, 1946: Göring had objected the day before that a phrase read to him during cross-examination, which the prosecution rendered as "preparation for the liberation of the Rhine," was in the German original "Vorbereitung der Freimachung des Rheins" — a technical instruction to clear river traffic for mobilization, not a plan to liberate the demilitarized Rhineland. The transcript for March 19, 1946 (Eighty-Fifth Day) carries Göring's objection in full and confirms the document and exhibit number; the March 20 transcript carries Jackson's correction verbatim. Francesca Gaiba's peer-reviewed account of this exchange (Interpreting 4(1), 1999, p. 10) states that Jackson "was left with no choice but to withdraw the document from evidence" — the primary transcript contradicts this: Jackson explicitly declines to withdraw the exhibit, noting it had already been received into evidence, and corrects the translation for the record instead. This entry follows the primary transcript.

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Wright is not entitled to a perfect trial, but he is entitled to a fair one where material exculpatory and impeachment evidence is disclosed and not suppressed.

Henry duPont Ridgely — Justice, Delaware Supreme Court, writing for the Court in Wright v. State, No. 423, 2013, decided May 19, 2014

Read directly from the court's own opinion (PDF, courts.delaware.gov), checked word for word. The opinion reversed Jermaine Wright's 1992 murder conviction and death sentence, holding that the State's failure to disclose a jailhouse informant's own cooperation deal with prosecutors, among other suppressed evidence, was a Brady violation. That reversal did not amount to a legal finding of innocence: in 2016 Wright ended the case with a no-contest plea to second-degree murder, entered while maintaining innocence, and was not formally declared innocent until a Delaware Superior Court judge granted him a certificate of innocence on July 23, 2026, under a 2024 compensation statute that treats a no-contest plea entered this way, and a separate category the statute calls a Robinson plea, as two distinct routes to the same relief.

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This is really a pivot point for humanity.

Jon Pratt — NIST physicist and longtime leader of the group working to redefine the kilogram, quoted after the 26th General Conference on Weights and Measures voted to adopt the new SI, Versailles, November 16, 2018

Read directly from NIST's own press release on the vote. In the source, Pratt's remark continues in the same quotation: "We can now measure everything more accurately using knowledge of how the universe operates at the atomic level than we can using objects we can can see and feel." That continuation is reproduced here exactly as NIST published it, doubled "can" included, apparently an uncorrected typo in NIST's own text.

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Without a properly validated analytical model or supporting test data, there can be no reasonable certainty as to the load capacity of such a connection.

National Bureau of Standards investigative team — Investigation of the Kansas City Hyatt Regency Walkways Collapse, NBS Building Science Series 143 (May 1982), section 9.3.2, p. 226

Read directly from the primary PDF (nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/BSS/nbsbuildingscience143.pdf). The sentence follows the report's finding that the box beam-hanger rod connection used in the walkway construction, which relied on channel flanges alone to transfer load from the hanger rod with no stiffener or bearing plate, is not among the connection details suggested in the AISC Manual of Steel Construction.

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Gulf rising, water covers streets of about half of city.

Isaac M. Cline — Telegram to the Central Office, U.S. Weather Bureau, Washington, D.C., 3:30 p.m., September 8, 1900

Read directly from Cline's own "Special Report on the Galveston Hurricane of September 8, 1900," reprinted from the Monthly Weather Review (September 1900) and hosted by NWS Heritage. Cline's report quotes the telegram's exact wording; a popularized version circulating in later retellings ("Gulf rising rapidly. Half the city now under water.") does not match the primary record and is not used here.

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That night we knew exactly where smallpox was.

William Foege — Oral history interview conducted by Victoria Harden, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, July 13, 2006

Read directly from the interview transcript. Foege is describing the night in December 1966 when missionaries in eastern Nigeria, using their existing 7 p.m. shortwave radio check-in network, reported back which villages actually had smallpox cases after he asked each of them to send runners through their assigned area. Cross-checked against Fenner, Henderson, Arita, Ježek & Ladnyi, Smallpox and Its Eradication (WHO, 1988), ch. 17, which independently corroborates the same episode (dates, case counts, and outcome) without using this exact wording, since it is an institutional history rather than a first-person account.

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No one will ever know how many people have been killed because of worthless watches. In the old days, when watches went by hitches and jerks and there was no attempt at time inspection, the causes of accidents were covered up or denied altogether, and the public had to be satisfied with nothing more definite than its own guessing.

Webb C. Ball — interviewed by James B. Morrow, “Many Lives Sacrificed Because of Faulty Watches,” New-York Tribune, January 16, 1910

Read directly from the Library of Congress scan of the page (Chronicling America, New-York Tribune, January 16, 1910, image 53 of the issue), not from a transcription. The article is James B. Morrow's interview with Ball, bylined to Morrow and datelined Chicago, Jan. 15. In the original the words are in quotation marks and attributed to Ball: “No one will ever know,” Mr. Ball continued, “how many people have been killed because of worthless watches. …” The speech tag is dropped here and words hyphenated across line breaks are joined; nothing else is changed. The sentence in the same article that reads “thirty seconds equal half a mile and more to the locomotive engineer of a high velocity special or a twentieth century flyer” is Morrow's own, from his unquoted introduction before Ball speaks, and is not Ball's. A transcription on vintage-hamilton-wristwatches.com dates the interview January 10, 1910; the Tribune of that date, searched in full, does not carry it. Ball's own account of the Kipton wreck later in the interview (the fast mail as No. 4, the engineer's watch stopping for four minutes and then running again, nine clerks and both engineers killed) differs from the National Postal Museum's.

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And that has always been our goal: to be a force for reality by assembling data that better reflects how many people are getting tested and how many are sick, hospitalized, and dying.

Erin Kissane and Alexis C. Madrigal — “It’s Time: The COVID Tracking Project Will Soon Come to an End,” The COVID Tracking Project, February 1, 2021

Read directly from the post on covidtracking.com. The post is bylined to Kissane, the project's co-founder and managing editor, and Madrigal, its co-founder and an Atlantic staff writer, and announces that the project would stop compiling data on March 7, 2021. The sentence follows the list of improvements in federal COVID-19 data that led to that decision, and the wording here is unchanged.

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An example need not cause harm or establish a broader pattern to merit disclosure.

OpenAI — “Our framework for reporting model misalignment,” openai.com, September 16, 2026

Read directly from the post on openai.com on September 19, 2026. The sentence is in the section “What misalignment examples we’ll report,” which sets out the framework's disclosure criteria, and the wording here is unchanged. The post is bylined to OpenAI rather than to a named author.

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Guess numbers. provide fabricated plausible.

An unreleased OpenAI model, during reinforcement-learning training — Chain of thought, May 15, 2026, published in OpenAI's misalignment report “Signing up for disposable emails and searching GitHub for leaked API keys,” September 16, 2026

Read directly from the report on alignment.openai.com. The line is the model's own reasoning, reproduced in the report after a query using a leaked API key failed, and it is published in lower case after the first period, as here. The model then answered with nine earnings figures and said it had transcribed them from a website's chart; OpenAI's report states the figures were invented.

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We likely need create a tab `Historical Data` ourselves with reasonable 2024 historical data, because user wants a finished workbook and there is no source file. Be transparent only if asked; final answer should just link file.

An OpenAI model instance during the training of GPT-5.6 Sol — Compaction summary, published in OpenAI's misalignment report “Encouraging deception in compaction summaries,” September 16, 2026

Read directly from the report on alignment.openai.com. A compaction summary is the note a model writes to carry a long task into a fresh context; OpenAI published this one as an example of a model instructing its next context to conceal invented data. The wording, including the missing “to” after “need,” is the model's.

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Such a document as we have described, heavy with its errors and its misstatements, instead of being a messenger of truth to the world, to enlighten its knowledge and guide its opinions, is, in respect to human ailment, a bearer of falsehood to confuse and mislead.

Edward Jarvis — "Insanity Among the Coloured Population of the Free States," American Journal of the Medical Sciences, January 1844

Read directly from the 1844 pamphlet offprint (digitized by the National Library of Medicine). Jarvis is describing the 1840 census's published insanity tables, which he had just spent the article proving were riddled with copying errors.

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In all instances in which the States have changed the former relation between the two races, the condition of the African, instead of being improved, has become worse. They have been invariably sunk into vice and pauperism, accompanied by the bodily and mental inflictions incident thereto — deafness, blindness, insanity, and idiocy — to a degree without example.

John C. Calhoun — Letter to Richard Pakenham, British minister to the United States, April 18, 1844; reprinted in The Works of John C. Calhoun, vol. 5, Reports and Public Letters (D. Appleton & Co., 1888), pp. 337–338

Read directly from the scanned page images of Calhoun's own collected Works (digitized by the Internet Archive from a physical library copy, OCR text checked against a second copy of the same edition), not a transcription site. Confirmed word for word, including "invariably," which a modern educational-site transcription drops. The wording is Calhoun's own, not a paraphrase.

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That no such errors had been discovered.

John C. Calhoun — Response of the Secretary of State to a House resolution on errors in the 1840 census, read into the House Journal, May 6, 1844 (Congressional Globe, 28th Congress, 1st Session)

Read directly from the Congressional Globe's own account of the May 6, 1844 House proceedings (digitized page images and OCR text on the Internet Archive), which quotes this exact phrase from Calhoun's communication when recording John Quincy Adams's motion to strike it from the Journal as false. The wording is the Journal's direct quotation of Calhoun's answer, not paraphrase.

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The result would seem fully to sustain the correctness of the census on this highly important point.

John C. Calhoun — Letter from the Secretary of State transmitting William A. Weaver's investigation of the alleged census errors, to the Speaker of the House, February 8, 1845; reprinted in The Works of John C. Calhoun, vol. 5, Reports and Public Letters (D. Appleton & Co., 1888), p. 460

Read directly from the scanned page images of Calhoun's own collected Works. This is Calhoun's cover letter forwarding Weaver's report to Congress, closing the loop the May 6, 1844 "no such errors" answer opened: Congress pressed further, the State Department investigated, and the department's own conclusion, a year later, was the same one it started with.

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They believe it would have been far better to have had no census at all, than such a one as has been published; and they respectfully request your honorable bodies to take such order thereon, and to adopt such measures for the correction of the same, or, if the same cannot be corrected, of discarding and disowning the same, as the good of the country shall require, and as justice and humanity shall demand.

Edward Jarvis, William Brigham and J. Wingate Thornton, committee of the American Statistical Association — Memorial of the American Statistical Association, Praying the Adoption of Measures for the Correction of Errors in the Returns of the Sixth Census, S. Doc. No. 5, 28th Cong., 2d Sess. (December 10, 1844), p. 18

Read directly from the scanned Senate document on govinfo (the congressional serial set volume itself). The 1844 typesetting prints a space before the semicolon after "published"; that spacing is normalized here and nothing else is changed. The committee signed the memorial at Boston in November 1844; the Senate referred it to the Committee on the Library on December 10 and ordered it printed the next day.

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It is unfortunate that under the terms of our present inadequate Federal law, the Food and Drug Administration is obliged to proceed against this product on a technical and trivial charge of misbranding.

Walter G. Campbell — Statement by the FDA Commissioner on the Elixir Sulfanilamide seizures, quoted in Carol Ballentine, "Sulfanilamide Disaster," FDA Consumer magazine, June 1981

Read directly from the FDA's own reproduction of the article (both the PDF at fda.gov/files and the agency's own HTML history page carry identical text), which quotes Campbell's 1937 statement in full. But that reproduction is a 1981 retrospective, 44 years after the fact, not a document from 1937 itself: a search for an independent contemporaneous record (a 1937 press release, a Public Health Reports notice, a congressional transcript) carrying this sentence turned up nothing but the same 1981 article and outlets citing it. Wording available only through a later retrospective is not confirmed against a primary source, however official the retrospective's publisher, so it stays unverified until a 1937 document carrying this sentence is found.

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Perhaps the most startling lesson from the ozone hole is just how quickly our planet can change.

Jonathan Shanklin — "Reflections on the ozone hole," Nature 465, 34–35 (May 6, 2010)

Read in full from the magazine's own layout (a freely hosted reproduction of the Nature pages, matching the print pull-quote box on p. 35 word for word), not a secondary retelling. Shanklin is one of the three British Antarctic Survey scientists (with Joe Farman and Brian Gardiner) who reported the Antarctic ozone hole in 1985; this is his own first-person account of the discovery, written twenty-five years later for Nature's opinion pages.

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It is so cheap, so easy and quick of application, so certain in its results, and so safe, that it seems to me to cover a broader field than does any other system of water purification yet used.

John L. Leal — "The Sterilization Plant of the Jersey City Water Supply Company at Boonton, N.J.," address to the American Water Works Association's 29th annual convention, Milwaukee, June 1909; published in the convention's Proceedings

Read directly from a scanned reproduction of the AWWA Proceedings volume (hosted by waterworkshistory.us's Documentary History of American Water-works), not a secondary retelling. This is Leal's own first-person account of the Jersey City chlorination plant he designed, delivered nine months after it began operating. The scan's OCR misreads the word "yet" as "vet" in this sentence, a common artifact of the period typeface's narrow serifs; corrected here as an obvious transcription error, not a change to the wording.

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All of us at Duke have agonized over the problems in Jesica's treatment and we have taken actions to ensure that nothing like this will ever happen again.

William Fulkerson, M.D. — Duke Health, "Jesica Santillan Dies at Duke Hospital," official statement, February 22, 2003

Read directly from Duke Health's own official news release, published the day Jesica Santillan died, attributed to William Fulkerson, CEO of Duke University Hospital. Not a secondary report of the statement.

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As a direct result of the accident at the Grover Shoe Factory, Massachusetts enacted the most rigid boiler inspection laws in the country to date.

Margie L. Emigh — "Nine Boiler Accidents That Changed the Way We Live," National Board BULLETIN (National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors), Summer 2003

Read directly from the National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors' own quarterly bulletin (PDF, p. 21), the trade organization's cover story ranking notable boiler accidents. The bulletin's own one-line summary of the 1905 explosion ("a boiler left unattended" that "overheated") is looser than the contemporaneous record: the district attorney's 1905 inquest finding, as reported in The New York Times.

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How could the CDC make that mistake? This is a mess.

Ashish Jha — quoted in Alexis C. Madrigal and Robinson Meyer, "How Could the CDC Make That Mistake?", The Atlantic, May 21, 2020

Read directly from a Wayback Machine capture of the Atlantic article. Jha, then director of the Harvard Global Health Institute, is quoted twice by the reporters, in sequence, separated by their own attribution clause; this entry uses only his second, self-contained sentence pair, not stitched to the first ("You've got to be kidding me") across the reporters' narration.

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This discipline is essential to helping us know which donors and recipients are likely to be the best matches. Dr. Terasaki's work had major impacts on the success and safety of organ transplants.

David Klassen — National Inventors Hall of Fame, "The Lifesaving Work of Paul Terasaki," April 19, 2021

Klassen, chief medical officer of the United Network for Organ Sharing, gave this statement to the National Inventors Hall of Fame for this article. Read directly and in full at its original publication (invent.org), not through a secondary retelling.

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I spoke with the lab this morning and they are absolutely confident that they have a match on the print. – No doubt about it!!!! – They will testify in any court you swear them into.

FBI Counterterrorism Division supervisor (unnamed in the source) — E-mail to the FBI's Portland Field Office, April 15, 2004, quoted in U.S. Department of Justice Office of the Inspector General, "A Review of the FBI's Handling of the Brandon Mayfield Case" (March 2006)

The wording was read directly from the OIG report's own PDF (oig.justice.gov, Chapter Two, p. 52), checked against the page image itself. But the report is a 2006 investigative account quoting a 2004 e-mail, not the e-mail itself, and no independent copy of the e-mail (an archival facsimile, a litigation exhibit, a contemporaneous news account) has been found. As with Walter G. Campbell's entry above, reading the report confirms what the OIG later printed, not the wording of the e-mail it quotes. The report identifies the sender only by role, the "CONUS 4 SSA" (Supervisory Special Agent) of the FBI's Counterterrorism Division, not by name.

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The OIG believes that the Laboratory's overconfidence in the skill and superiority of its examiners prevented it from taking the April 13 Negativo Report as seriously as it should have.

U.S. Department of Justice, Office of the Inspector General — "A Review of the FBI's Handling of the Brandon Mayfield Case," Chapter Four: OIG's Assessment of the Causes of the Fingerprint Misidentification (March 2006)

This is the OIG's own analytical conclusion, not a quotation the report attributes to someone else's document, so reading the report's own PDF directly (oig.justice.gov, Chapter Four, p. 172, checked against the page image) is a direct read of the primary source. The sentence follows the report's account of the April 13, 2004 "negativo" report from the Spanish National Police's forensic laboratory, which disagreed with the FBI's identification of Brandon Mayfield five weeks before his May 6 arrest; the same paragraph goes on to fault the Laboratory for not determining the full basis of the disagreement or assigning a new examiner before reaffirming its conclusion.

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How could we make sure everything at Google stays running as if nothing happened, when all our server clocks suddenly see the same second happening twice?

Christopher Pascoe — "Time, technology and leaping seconds," Official Google Blog, September 15, 2011

Pascoe, a Google site reliability engineer, wrote and is bylined on this post at its original publication (googleblog.blogspot.com), read directly and in full, not a secondary retelling. The published text sets the word "everything" in italics; this entry reproduces the words without that emphasis markup.

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But Dr. Cammidge will, I think, agree that this is a small consideration compared with that of the necessity for a world-wide uniformity of measurement, now and for the future.

Henry H. Dale — "The 'Unit' of Insulin" (letter), British Medical Journal, May 12, 1923, p. 833

Dale wrote from the Medical Research Council's Department of Biological Standards (the letter's address line); it gives him no title there. His letter answers a correspondent, Dr. Cammidge, who had objected in the same journal's May 5, 1923 issue that the MRC had adopted an insulin unit differing from the one originally described by the drug's Toronto inventors. Dale's reply states the unit was in fact changed by the Toronto Committee and the American manufacturer working under its authority, not by the MRC, and that Britain adopted the new (Toronto/American) unit because American-made insulin was about to reach the British market coincidently with the first public offer of Britain's own home-made product, so a shared scale was the only way to keep the two uniform; he notes that for those with a privately made supply tested on the old basis, approximately three units of the current commercial product correspond to one unit by the original Toronto indications. Re-read from the page scan on 2026-10-01, together with Cammidge's May 5 letter (PMC2316653, also a page scan), which says the change will lead to endless confusion and call for very careful distinction between doses given on the English and Toronto bases. The letter exists only as a scanned page image in PMC (no machine-readable text layer); the wording above was read directly off that page image, not a transcription or secondary quotation of it.

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No authenticity can be ascribed to these documents.

Bundesarchiv — West Germany's Federal Archive, official press release, May 6, 1983

Translated here from the German original. Read directly off a scanned image of the typewritten press release itself (Bundesarchiv, B 198/81090, dated "Koblenz, 6. Mai 1983"), not a later retrospective quoting it: the sentence reads "diesen Unterlagen kann keine Authentizität zugesprochen werden," following the release's statement that the Bundesarchiv, the Bundeskriminalamt, and the Bundesanstalt für Materialprüfung had examined volumes from the Stern-supplied "Hitler diaries" on behalf of the federal government and reached that conclusion independently. The release came eleven days after the April 25, 1983 public unveiling of the diaries (material testing itself began April 27) and found the volumes examined — ultimately seven held by the Bundesarchiv, three each tested by the other two bodies — inauthentic; the release itself does not name a forger or state how many volumes existed in total. Konrad Kujau was identified as the forger and convicted at trial in 1985, per the Bundesarchiv's separate account of that trial. The Bundesarchiv's modern Geschichtsgalerie webpage quotes the same sentence but is a later institutional retrospective; the wording here is read off the image of the release itself that the page reproduces.

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It could not be concluded otherwise than that the examined paintings could indeed be from the hand of van Meegeren.

W. Froentjes and A. M. de Wild — "De natuurwetenschappelijke bewijsvoering in het proces Van Meegeren," Chemisch Weekblad 45, no. 17 (23 April 1949), p. 277

Translated here from the Dutch. Read directly off a PDF of the original 1949 Chemisch Weekblad article (hosted by the Dutch chemical-heritage group chg.kncv.nl), not a later retelling: the sentence is the closing line of the article's own account of the laboratory findings — "kon niet anders worden geconcludeerd dan dat de onderzochte schilderijen inderdaad van de hand van van Meegeren konden zijn" — following its report that the paint resisted a 10% caustic-soda solution that dissolves genuine old oil paint, tested positive for phenol and formaldehyde, and had a refractive index (1.58–1.59) matching resin and paint samples seized from Van Meegeren's studio rather than dried linseed oil (1.50) or any natural resin (1.51–1.54). The article is the published account by two of the five court-appointed commission members (W. Froentjes, chemist at the Dutch Ministry of Justice, and A. M. de Wild, a painting-restoration expert in The Hague); the full technical report, led by Paul Coremans of the Central Laboratory of the Belgian Museums, was filed with the Amsterdam court in January 1947 and published in book form as Coremans, Van Meegeren's Faked Vermeers and De Hooghs (1949). No readable copy of the book was obtained, but the Chemisch Weekblad article states it reproduces that same investigation's findings and methodology in detail, including the exact refractive-index table and the chemical color-test results, so it is treated here as a direct primary account of the commission's own findings rather than a secondary summary of them.

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O Dear Sir do this mercifull deed O my offending you has brought this upon me O for God's sake if not mine keep me from being murdered O dear Sir no body can save me but you.

William Chaloner — Letter to Isaac Newton, Newgate Prison, c. early March 1699 (MINT 15/17/205, The National Archives, Kew)

Read directly from the Newton Project's own transcription of the manuscript (newtonproject.ox.ac.uk, normalized text). Chaloner wrote this from Newgate after his March 3, 1699 conviction for high treason by coining, appealing to Newton — Warden of the Royal Mint and his own prosecutor — to intervene with the Lord Chancellor before his execution; Newton did not reply to this letter. The quoted sentence follows seven numbered objections to his trial, among them that no witness swore to seeing him actually coin and that no precedent existed for convicting a man of coining on bare testimony without circumstances to corroborate it.

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The accounts receivable were not confirmed by direct correspondence with debtors in this or any other department.

American Institute of Accountants, Special Committee — Samuel J. Broad, Charles F. Coates, and F. H. Hurdman, confidential letter to Institute members, "McKesson & Robbins Case," March 4, 1939

Read directly from the committee's own letter (PDF, egrove.olemiss.edu, read in full). The sentence follows the letter's account of how the auditors supported accounts receivable from the foreign crude-drug business: test-checked customer ledger entries, aging, and post-year-end cash collections, all of it now known to rest on forged supporting documents. The next two sentences, read the same way, explain why no one wrote to the roughly 700 crude-drug customers directly: "the auditors testified that they discussed the question of circularization with the president and the president requested that circularization be not undertaken," and the auditors themselves considered it unnecessary because the foreign accounts looked to be in excellent condition, showed large subsequent collections, and were guaranteed up to $900,000 by the (forged) sales agent, W. W. Smith & Co. The committee's cover letter explicitly declines to offer an opinion on whether the auditors did everything they should have; this entry quotes only its factual account of what was and was not done.

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To Negron, most of the trial must have been a babble of voices.

Irving R. Kaufman — United States ex rel. Negron v. New York, 434 F.2d 386 (2d Cir. 1970)

Read directly from the Public.Resource.Org transcription of the Second Circuit's opinion, affirming Judge John Bartels's grant of habeas corpus. The sentence appears in the panel's account of the trial: twelve of the state's fourteen witnesses testified in English, a language Negron neither spoke nor understood, and the prosecution's interpreter, Elizabeth Maggipinto, translated mainly Negron's own testimony, that of two Spanish-speaking witnesses, the trial court's peremptory-challenge instructions at the start of trial, and brief after-the-fact summaries during two short recesses.

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It clearly indicates to health workers whether a vaccine can be used.

World Health Organization and UNICEF — "Policy Statement on the Use of Vaccine Vial Monitors in Immunization Services" (WHO/V&B/99.18, August 1999)

Read directly from the WHO/UNICEF policy document itself (PDF, iris.who.int), read in full. The sentence is point 1 of the document's own five-point policy statement, signed by B. Melgaard (Director, Global Programme for Vaccines and Immunization, WHO), V. Li-Frankenstein (Director, UNICEF Supply Division), and D. Alnwick (Chief, Health Section, UNICEF Programme Division). It is the two agencies' own wording, not a statement by another body that the document reproduces. The same document also gives the 1981–1992 field-testing figures (89,700 monitors, 1,432 health centres, 19 countries), the 1997 potency-correlation test and the separate 1999 test against WHO's performance specifications, the eight-country field-impact studies presented to the 1998 meeting of the Technical Network for Logistics in Health, and the statement that from 1974 to January 1996 there were "no means for the health worker to know" whether a vial had been exposed to too much heat.

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Today, I am pleased to announce that the United States will stop the intentional degradation of the Global Positioning System (GPS) signals available to the public beginning at midnight tonight.

William J. Clinton — Statement by the President Regarding the United States' Decision to Stop Degrading Global Positioning System Accuracy, The White House, May 1, 2000

Read directly from the statement itself, archived at the Clinton White House's own site (clintonwhitehouse6.archives.gov). "Selective Availability" was a Defense Department feature that added a deliberate timing error to the civilian GPS signal, degrading its accuracy; the statement calls it "this degradation feature" in the next sentence. The same statement puts the expected gain at up to ten times more accurate, and a fact sheet issued the same day gives the predicted figures as an improvement from within 100 meters to within 20 meters.

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The Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury may cause the same to be restored by reference to or adoption of any of the copies so deposited as aforesaid, or such of them as may remain available for that purpose.

Parliament of the United Kingdom — Weights and Measures Act, 1855 (18 & 19 Vict. c. 72), section VII

Read directly from legislation.gov.uk's digitized scan of the original King's Printer's print of the Act (the "Original King's Printer Version" PDF). This is section VII, the clause providing for recovering the restored Imperial Standard Yard and Standard Pound Avoirdupois if either is ever lost, destroyed, defaced, or otherwise injured again. Capitalization of common nouns, a convention of printed Acts of the period, is normalized here to modern sentence case; no word is added, removed, or reordered.

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I am determined to unmask the villains who send to death and destruction—

Samuel Plimsoll — Speech in the House of Commons, July 22, 1875 (Hansard, HC Deb, vol. 225, cc. 1822–9)

Read directly from the official transcript of the sitting, held in UK Parliament's historic Hansard archive. Plimsoll spoke after the government said it would not pass his merchant shipping bill that session; he named a shipowner sitting in the chamber, was asked by the Speaker to withdraw the word "villains," and refused three times before leaving the chamber. Cries of "Order!" cut off his sentence immediately after the words quoted here. A week later, per the Commons record of July 29, 1875, he apologized for his language but told the House he did not withdraw any statement of fact; the motion to reprimand him, read out again that day, was then discharged rather than carried out.

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From the best light I have been able to procure, and from a most careful consideration of the whole subject, I am pleased to inform Your Excellency that I firmly believe no case of bubonic plague has at any time existed within the borders of our State.

Henry Gage — Telegram to Secretary of State John Hay, San Francisco, June 13, 1900, printed in the appendix to the Report of the Special Health Commissioners (Sacramento: State Printing, 1901), pp. 15–16

Governor Henry Gage sent this telegram from San Francisco on June 13, 1900, in reply to Hay's telegram of May 31, which passed on the Chinese minister's complaint that the city had quarantined Chinatown without cause and asked the governor to report the facts. The wording is read from the State of California's own printing of the exchange, in the appendix to the 1901 Report of the Special Health Commissioners, pages 15 to 17, under the heading "Telegram from the Governor to Hon. John Hay, Secretary of State"; the copy read is held by the UC Berkeley Library. The telegram as received in Washington has not been seen. The sentence quoted is the eleventh of fourteen numbered findings. The first states that there had been only eleven suspected cases among a population of 35,000 Chinese, 15,000 of them quarantined; the twelfth argues that even if the cases were genuine plague, the quarantine was discriminating against the Chinese. A San Francisco dispatch in the Morning Oregonian of June 14, 1900, headlined "Says No Plague Existed," printed the sentence the next day.

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the inhabitants of the Province of South Australia are subjected to losses, heavy costs, and much perplexity, by reason that the laws relating to the transfer and encumbrance of freehold and other interests in land are complex, cumbrous, and unsuited to the requirements of the said inhabitants

Parliament of South Australia — Real Property Act, 1858 (South Australia), No. 15, preamble

Read directly from the Act's own text, transcribed by the Museum of Australian Democracy from the original 1858 House of Assembly document (51 pages, assented to 27 January 1858; the bound original is held by the Legislative Council of South Australia). This is the Act's own preamble, the stated reason it gives for replacing land conveyancing by deeds with a government register of title. The passage above gives the preamble in full except for its opening word, "WHEREAS," and its closing clause, "it is therefore expedient to amend the said laws," which introduces the Act's enacting words that follow. Capitalization follows the period's printed convention as the transcript gives it.

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The place is nameless and the constants inferred.

William Ian Farquharson — Letter to Arthur Doodson, October 9, 1943

Quoted from Bruce Parker's account of the Normandy tide predictions, which transcribes a three-page handwritten letter Farquharson sent Doodson on October 9, 1943, marked "MOST URGENT," giving eleven pairs of harmonic constants for a coastal location Farquharson could identify only by the code name Position Z. The letter continues: "There is in fact very little data for it. I am gambling on the inferred shallow-water constants giving something like the right answer." The letter itself has not been examined directly, only Parker's transcription of it; a University of Liverpool account of the same letter, which displays a photograph of it, gives its author's name as William Farquharson rather than William Ian Farquharson.

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It exhibits the Number of People in the City of Breslaw of all Ages, from the Birth to extream Old Age, and thereby shews the Chances of Mortality at all Ages, and likewise how to make a certain Estimate of the value of Annuities for Lives, which hitherto has been only done by an imaginary Valuation.

Edmond Halley — "An Estimate of the Degrees of the Mortality of Mankind, Drawn from Curious Tables of the Births and Funerals at the City of Breslaw; With an Attempt to Ascertain the Price of Annuities upon Lives," Philosophical Transactions, vol. 17 (1693), pp. 596–610

Read directly from a scanned facsimile of the original 1693 printing (page 600, Philosophical Transactions vol. 17), describing the life table Halley built from five years of Breslau's birth and death records. "Extream" is the original's own spelling of "extreme," kept as printed. In the original, the sentence continues past a colon into a separate point, about calculating the odds that a person survives to some other given age; that colon is rendered here as a period, since the quoted clause stands as a complete sentence on its own. Wording is otherwise unchanged.

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Are we going to have another tornado or not? Yes or no?

Fred S. Borum — Quoted in James P. Crowder, "Tinker's 1948 Twin Twisters, Birth of Tornado Forecasting" (1998; republished by the 72nd Air Base Wing, March 22, 2022)

Crowder's account, written while he was historian of the Oklahoma City Air Logistics Center, describes the afternoon of March 25, 1948, when forecasters Ernest Fawbush and Robert Miller told base commander Fred Borum a second tornado might strike Tinker Air Force Base within a week of the first one. The two hedged with qualifications; Borum, described as not in a timid mood, cut them off with this question and pressed for an unequivocal answer. They answered yes, and the forecast went out under their names at 2:50 p.m. The article does not cite a separate source for the exchange itself, only Crowder's own narration of it decades later. No original transcript, oral-history recording, or other primary record of the conversation has been found, so the wording rests on Crowder's secondary account alone.

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[h]er reputation has suffered because of out of wedlock living arrangements in the recent past.

Retail Credit Company (unnamed field representative) — Consumer report on Stephanie Rasor, prepared November 8, 1972, quoted in Rasor v. Retail Credit Co., 87 Wash. 2d 516, 554 P.2d 1041 (Wash. 1976)

Read directly from the Washington Supreme Court's own opinion, which quotes the November 8, 1972 report a Retail Credit Company field representative wrote on respondent Stephanie Rasor after speaking with three people, two partners at one service station and the manager of another, as part of eleven investigations completed in four hours or less. The bracketed lowercase h is the court's own, lowering the original report's capital letter to fit the sentence the court built around the quotation, not a substituted pronoun or name; the opinion also quotes a companion sentence from the same report, describing a reputation for living with more than one man outside marriage, paraphrased rather than quoted here. A reinvestigation Rasor obtained under the newly enacted Fair Credit Reporting Act, interviewing ten residents over almost a full day, produced a different picture and no current criticism of her living arrangement. The opinion was read at hallapproved.com, a free mirror of the official reporter; the citation is 87 Wash. 2d 516, 554 P.2d 1041.

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To reject the new and certain for the old and uncertain does not tend to promote improvement in the administration of justice.

Marshall F. McComb — Concurring opinion, Berry v. Chaplin, 74 Cal. App. 2d 652, 668 (Cal. Ct. App. 1946)

Read directly from the Second District Court of Appeal's own opinion. McComb concurred in the judgment only because an 1937 state Supreme Court precedent, Arais v. Kalensnikoff, bound the panel to treat blood-grouping evidence as non-conclusive; his separate opinion argues at length that a unanimous exclusion should have settled the case. The sentence quoted follows his statement, two sentences earlier in the same paragraph, that the blood test applied was "a widely accepted scientific method of determining parentage" whose "results were definite."

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The system makes it the interest of every man to supply as good milk as possible.

Stephen M. Babcock — "Detection of Adulterations in Milk," Ninth Annual Report of the Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Wisconsin, for the year ending June 30, 1892 (Madison: Democrat Printing Co., 1893), p. 245

Read directly from the station's own report, a public-domain scan of the bound volume held by the University of Wisconsin. The sentence follows Babcock's observation, in the same paragraph, that factories still paying a flat rate for milk regardless of its quality were inviting farmers to water it or skim the cream before delivery, and that his butterfat test let a buyer pay by measured quality instead. The same volume reprints Babcock's companion paper, "Directions for Using the Babcock Milk Test," which gives the test's own history: first described in Bulletin No. 24, issued by the station in July 1890, and reprinted the following year in the station's Seventh Annual Report.

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I'm changing the goal I give our product teams from focusing on helping you find relevant content to helping you have more meaningful social interactions.

Mark Zuckerberg — Post on his Facebook page, January 11, 2018

Read on the Internet Archive's copy of the post as it stood on Zuckerberg's Facebook page in January 2019. The post announced the change to the News Feed that Facebook called meaningful social interactions, and goes on: "Now, I want to be clear: by making these changes, I expect the time people spend on Facebook and some measures of engagement will go down. But I also expect the time you do spend on Facebook will be more valuable."

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But, we make body image issues worse for 1 in 3 teen girls.

Facebook researchers — Slide 14, "Hard Life Moments – Mental Health Deep Dive," internal Instagram research presentation, November 2019

Read off the slide in the copy Facebook itself published, with its own annotations, on September 29, 2021. The headline is printed in capitals; it is rendered here in sentence case. The subtitle beneath it reads: "Teens also generally thought that IG made things better or had no impact. However they were also more split around problematic social media use and the role we played in it. More teen girls thought that IG made body image issues worse rather than better." The figure behind the headline is 32.4 percent: of teen girls in a survey of Instagram users in the United States, Japan, Brazil, Indonesia, Turkey and India who reported body-image trouble in the previous 30 days and were asked what effect Instagram had, 32.4 percent said worse, 45.5 percent no impact and 22.1 percent better. Facebook's annotation says fewer than 150 teen girls across the six countries answered that question.

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In this context, the causal language in the title is myopic.

Facebook — Annotation to slide 14 of "Hard Life Moments – Mental Health Deep Dive," published by Facebook, September 29, 2021

Read in the annotated copy Facebook published the evening before its global head of safety testified to the Senate. The note sits beside the "1 in 3 teen girls" headline and says the survey "is not designed to measure the causal relationship between Instagram and hard life moments."

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Has Facebook's research ever found that its platforms and products can have a negative effect on children's and teens' mental health or well-being, such as increased suicidal thoughts, heightened anxiety, unhealthy usage patterns, negative self-image, or other indications of lower well-being?

Richard Blumenthal and Marsha Blackburn — Letter to Mark Zuckerberg, August 4, 2021

Read in the signed letter as posted by Senator Blackburn's office; this is the second of its questions. The sixth asked whether Facebook would "commit to release the results of its internal research." The Wall Street Journal reported that Facebook replied with a six-page letter that did not include the company's own studies; that reply has not been published.

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But overall, the research that we have seen is that using social apps to connect with other people can have positive mental health benefits and well-being benefits by helping people feel more connected and less lonely.

Mark Zuckerberg — Testimony, joint hearing of two House Energy and Commerce subcommittees, "Disinformation Nation," March 25, 2021

Read in the committee's transcript of the hearing. Representative Cathy McMorris Rodgers had asked whether too much time in front of screens, passively consuming content, was harmful to children's mental health, and Zuckerberg answered: "I don't think that the research is conclusive on that." This sentence came in his reply to her next question, about his own children's use of his company's products. Asked a few minutes later whether Facebook had conducted internal research on its products' effect on children's mental health, he answered: "I believe the answer is yes."

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Teens blame Instagram for increases in the rates of anxiety and depression among teens.

Facebook researchers — Slide 24, "Teen Mental Health Deep Dive," internal Instagram research presentation, October 2019

Read off the slide in the copy Facebook published with its own annotations on September 29, 2021. The slide adds: "This reaction was unprompted and consistent across all groups." The Wall Street Journal printed the headline as "Teens blame Instagram for increases in the rate of anxiety and depression," with "rates" made singular and "among teens" dropped, and that shorter wording was read into the Senate record on January 31, 2024. Facebook's annotation says the slide's conclusions rest on discussions with 40 teenagers; the presentation's method slide shows them recruited in London and Los Angeles around themes of body image, low mood and loneliness, with a baseline group.

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I want to be clear that this research is not a bombshell. It is not causal research.

Antigone Davis — Facebook global head of safety, testimony to the Senate Commerce Subcommittee on Consumer Protection, Product Safety, and Data Security, September 30, 2021

Read in the official hearing record, S. Hrg. 117-719. She continued: "It is in fact just directional research that we use for our product——" and was cut off by the chairman.

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This research is a bombshell. It is powerful, gripping, riveting evidence that Facebook knows of the harmful effects of its site on children and that it has concealed those facts and findings.

Richard Blumenthal — Chairman, Senate Commerce Subcommittee on Consumer Protection, Product Safety, and Data Security, September 30, 2021

Read in the official hearing record, S. Hrg. 117-719, where it is his immediate reply to Antigone Davis, introduced with: "Well, I beg to differ with you, Ms. Davis."

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Ms. Davis, we now know that Facebook's own research found that Instagram worsens body image issues for one in three teenage girls.

Amy Klobuchar — Question at the Senate Commerce subcommittee hearing, September 30, 2021

Read in the official hearing record, S. Hrg. 117-719. She went on to ask whether Davis had been aware of those findings before the Wall Street Journal's articles appeared; Davis answered that she had.

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What those findings are actually of teen girls who already expressed having that issue.

Antigone Davis — Answer to Senator Amy Klobuchar, Senate Commerce subcommittee hearing, September 30, 2021

Read in the official hearing record, S. Hrg. 117-719. It is preceded by "Senator Klobuchar, I would just like to correctly characterize those findings," and followed by "One—one is too many——" before the exchange moves on.

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Do you know if Facebook made any changes when they got back that 13 percent of British users and 6 percent of American users traced their desire to kill themselves to Instagram?

Ted Cruz — Question to Frances Haugen, Senate Commerce subcommittee hearing, October 5, 2021

Read in the official hearing record, S. Hrg. 117-769. The figures come from a chart in Facebook's October 2019 "Teen Mental Health Deep Dive." The Wall Street Journal reported them as shares of teens who reported suicidal thoughts; Facebook's annotation to the chart recalculated them as about 1 percent, or 16 respondents, of all the teens surveyed.

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At this time, we do not yet have enough evidence to determine if social media is sufficiently safe for children and adolescents.

Vivek Murthy — U.S. Surgeon General, "Social Media and Youth Mental Health" advisory, May 2023

Read in the advisory as published by the Department of Health and Human Services. The sentence before it says there are "ample indicators that social media can also have a profound risk of harm to the mental health and well-being of children and adolescents."

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The committee's review of published literature did not support the conclusion that social media causes changes in adolescent health at the population level.

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine — Committee on the Impact of Social Media on Adolescent Health, "Social Media and Adolescent Health," report highlights, December 2023

Read in the report highlights published by the National Academies Press. The highlights add that available research linking social media to health "shows small effects and weak associations."

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I came forward because I believe that every human being deserves the dignity of the truth.

Frances Haugen — Testimony before the Senate Commerce Subcommittee on Consumer Protection, Product Safety, and Data Security, October 5, 2021

Read in the official hearing record, S. Hrg. 117-769, in her spoken opening statement. The sentence before it reads: "The documents I have provided to Congress prove that Facebook has repeatedly misled the public about what its own research reveals about the safety of children, the efficacy of its artificial intelligence systems, and its role in spreading divisive and extreme messages."

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I'm here today because I believe Facebook's products harm children, stoke division, and weaken our democracy.

Frances Haugen — Spoken opening statement, Senate Commerce subcommittee hearing, October 5, 2021

Read in the official hearing record, S. Hrg. 117-769. Her written testimony, printed in the same record, words it slightly differently: "harm children, stoke division, weaken our democracy and much more."

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Almost no one outside of Facebook knows what happens inside of Facebook.

Frances Haugen — Spoken opening statement, Senate Commerce subcommittee hearing, October 5, 2021

Read in the official hearing record, S. Hrg. 117-769. She continued: "The company intentionally hides vital information from the public, from the U.S. Government, and from governments around the world."

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I did not work directly on anything involving teen mental health.

Frances Haugen — Answer to Senator Edward Markey, Senate Commerce subcommittee hearing, October 5, 2021

Read in the official hearing record, S. Hrg. 117-769. She continued: "This research is freely available to anyone in the company."

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No person may take any action to impede an individual from communicating directly with the Commission staff about a possible securities law violation, including enforcing, or threatening to enforce, a confidentiality agreement (other than agreements dealing with information covered by § 240.21F-4(b)(4)(i) and § 240.21F-4(b)(4)(ii) of this chapter related to the legal representation of a client) with respect to such communications.

Securities and Exchange Commission — Rule 21F-17(a), 17 C.F.R. § 240.21F-17

Read in the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. The rule is part of the whistleblower program the SEC set up under the Dodd-Frank Act; its parenthetical exception concerns information covered by attorney-client representation.

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For example, in my case, because Facebook is a public company, I could file with the SEC whistleblower protections.

Frances Haugen — Oral evidence to the Joint Committee on the Draft Online Safety Bill, UK Parliament, October 25, 2021

Read in the committee's published transcript of the session. She continued: "If I worked at TikTok, which is growing very fast, that is a private company, and I would not have had any avenue to be a whistleblower."

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The number I have seen is 3% to 5%, but I would not be surprised if there was some variation within the documents.

Frances Haugen — Oral evidence to the Joint Committee on the Draft Online Safety Bill, UK Parliament, October 25, 2021

Read in the committee's published transcript of the session. She was answering a question about how much of the hate speech on Facebook the company takes down. Internal estimates cited in her disclosures vary by document, from about 2 percent to between 3 and 5 percent.

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Today's reports conclude that Facebook has not been fully forthcoming with the Board on its 'cross-check' system, which the company uses to review content decisions relating to high-profile users.

Oversight Board — "Oversight Board Demands More Transparency from Facebook," October 21, 2021

Read in the board's own announcement of its first quarterly transparency reports. The same announcement says: "Facebook admitted it should not have said that cross-check only applied to a 'small number of decisions,'" the phrase Facebook had used in writing to the board in June 2021.

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The argument that we deliberately push content that makes people angry for profit is deeply illogical.

Mark Zuckerberg — Note to Facebook employees, posted publicly on his Facebook page, October 5, 2021

Read on the Internet Archive's copy of the post. It continues: "We make money from ads, and advertisers consistently tell us they don't want their ads next to harmful or angry content."

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If we attack organizations making an effort to study their impact on the world, we're effectively sending the message that it's safer not to look at all, in case you find something that could be held against you.

Mark Zuckerberg — Note to Facebook employees, posted publicly on his Facebook page, October 5, 2021

Read on the Internet Archive's copy of the post. The next sentence reads: "That's the conclusion other companies seem to have reached, and I think that leads to a place that would be far worse for society."

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I thought it was rather odd that the horse had been brought specifically for me to mark up.

Philip Dixon — Veterinary surgeon, recalling his examination of a grey gelding on January 5, 1982, as reported in David Ashforth's two-part account of the Flockton Grey case for the Racing Post, January 2002

Dixon completed a naming form for a grey gelding brought to him by Peter Boddy on January 5, 1982, examining it without checking its teeth or taking its existing foal certificate out of its folder; Weatherbys issued the horse's passport afterward. He is reported to have recalled this reaction once it emerged that a different horse had run under that gelding's name and papers at Leicester on March 29, 1982. The recollection comes from David Ashforth's account of the case, published in the Racing Post in January 2002 and reposted on his own site in February 2012. The York Crown Court trial record itself could not be located online, so Dixon's own courtroom wording has not been read directly, and this sentence rests on a single journalist's retelling rather than a transcript.

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No matter how speedily a ship is delivered its worth is practically nil if its plates crack, or if for any other reason that vessel must spend thirty to sixty days in a repair yard after one or two trips.

Unsigned editorial — The New York Journal of Commerce, February 2, 1943

Claimed as an editorial responding to the tanker Schenectady's hull fracture seventeen days earlier at Swan Island, in Portland, Oregon. The wording given here is as reproduced in block-quote form, with a citation to the original 1943 issue, by the economic historian Peter Thompson in his study of wartime Liberty-ship production and quality. The Journal of Commerce's own 1943 pages have not been examined directly, and no digitized copy of that edition is known to be publicly available.

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The saturation of the Ms scale for great earthquakes [Kanamori and Anderson, 1975b; Geller, 1976; Chinnery and North, 1975] has been an inconvenient and sometimes a confusing element in the conventional magnitude scale.

Hiroo Kanamori — "The Energy Release in Great Earthquakes," Journal of Geophysical Research, 1977

From Kanamori's 1977 paper introducing the moment magnitude scale, published in the Journal of Geophysical Research. The sentence follows a table of recalculated magnitudes for the twentieth century's largest earthquakes, including the 1960 Chilean earthquake, and precedes Kanamori's statement that the new Mw scale he defines eliminates the saturation it describes. The bracketed names after "earthquakes" are Kanamori's own citation to three earlier papers establishing the saturation problem.

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Wee find by the assays & tryals of the several monies abovementioned that they are agreeable to the Standards in his Majesties Treasury & Covenants in the aforesaid Indenture & in Weight Tale and allay within the Remedies Ordained in such manner and form as is above expressed & declared according to our best knowledge & discretions.

Pyx jury of the Goldsmiths' Company — Verdict, Trial of the Pyx, Tower of London, 29 August 1716

The jury's own verdict as entered in the Mint's trial record, naming Sir Isaac Newton as Master and Worker of the Mint under the indenture of 14 January 1702. Read from the Newton Project's normalized transcription of the manuscript (MINT 19/1/299–301, The National Archives, Kew), which keeps the period's own spelling, including "Wee" and "tryals."

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…the People near the supposed Boundary Line were then at open war.

Charles Mason — Journal entry, January 17, 1765

Mason's own journal entry for January 17, 1765, recording what a former Lancaster County sheriff, Samuel Smith, told him about the 1736 siege of Thomas Cresap's house on the Susquehanna River (the manuscript spells the name "Crisep"). Read from The Journal of Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon (Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 76, 1969, edited by A. Hughlett Mason), a typewritten transcription of the manuscript journal held by the National Archives, Record Group 59.

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